The Hijri calendar was established by the second rightly guided Caliph and the Prophet’s close companion, Umar ibn al-Khattab, in 637/638 AD. According to al-Jabarti, the great chronicler of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Abu Musa al-Ash’ari wrote to the then Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab saying: “We have received letters from the Commander of the Faithful, but we …
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